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CONTAMINATED PROCESS WATER AND ACCUMULATED ENTHALPY IN SEMI-PRODUCT CAUSED SEVERE DETERIORATION OF READY-TO-EAT FLOUR MILO-FLAKES
http://ir.ncue.edu.tw/ir/handle/987654321/13239
title: CONTAMINATED PROCESS WATER AND ACCUMULATED ENTHALPY IN SEMI-PRODUCT CAUSED SEVERE DETERIORATION OF READY-TO-EAT FLOUR MILO-FLAKES abstract: Inappropriate cooling and heating treatments in food bioprocesses may cause immediate decay or a time-dependent spoilage during storage. We encountered frequently the deterioration problems during the hot sale season of the product commercially branded “Maternal Milk Substitute,” a wheat flour milo-flake product. The claimed products were always characterized with chocolate color, off-odor, high peroxide values, increased total ferric ion content in both the claimed product and the process water. In addition, an unusual enthalpy increase in the stored semi-product were observed. The synergistic effect of these parameters obviously would have exerted a very strong activating effect on the oxidative enzymes. In order to eliminate such an effect, we propose to recruit the treatment facilities of process water, and at the same time to install a built-in cooling system to reinforce the cooling efficiency for the stored semi-products.
<br>Action Mechanism and Signal Pathways of Psidium guajava L. Aqueous Extract in Killing Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells
http://ir.ncue.edu.tw/ir/handle/987654321/13237
title: Action Mechanism and Signal Pathways of Psidium guajava L. Aqueous Extract in Killing Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells abstract: Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava L. budding leaves (PE) has been shown to possess anti-prostate cancer activity in a cell line model. We examined whether its bioactivity could be conserved either in the presence or the absence of synthetic androgen R1881. In both cases, PE was shown to inhibit LNCaP cell proliferation and down-regulate expressions of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA). The cytotoxicity of PE was shown by enhanced LDH release in LNCaP cells. The flow cytometry analysis revealed cell cycle arrests at G(0)/G(1) phase with huge amount of apoptotic LNCaP cells after treatment with PE for 48 h in a dose-responsive manner, which was also confirmed by TUNEL assay. From the results of decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, inactivation of phosphor-Akt, activation of phosphor-p38, phospho-Erk1/phospho-Erk2, the molecular action mechanism of PE to induce apoptosis in LNCaP cells was elucidated. Compatible with the in vitro study findings, treatment with PE (1.5 mg/mouse/day) significantly diminished both the PSA serum levels and tumor size in a xenograft mouse tumor model. Conclusively, PE is a promising anti-androgen-sensative prostate cancer agent.
<br>Quercetin and Ferulic Acid Aggravate Renal Carcinoma in Long-Term Diabetic Victims
http://ir.ncue.edu.tw/ir/handle/987654321/13236
title: Quercetin and Ferulic Acid Aggravate Renal Carcinoma in Long-Term Diabetic Victims abstract: Many phytoantioxidants have therapeutic drawbacks due to their potent prooxidant bioactivity. It is hypothesized that phytoantioxidants (PAO) are beneficial only to the early-stage diabetes mellitus (DM) and will become ineffective once renopathy occurs. Gallic acid, rutin, EGCG, ferulic acid (FA), and quercetin were tried on the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM rat model for a 28 week experimental period. All of these PAO were shown to be ineffective for hypoglycemic action. The incidence of cataract (50%), injured glomerules, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was very common, among which the most severely affected involved the quercetin- and the FA-treated groups. The tumorigenicity of ferulic acid is still unclear. However, for quercetin, this can be attributted to (i) the prooxidant effect, (ii) the insulin−secretagogue bioactivity, and (iii) the competitive and noncompetitive inhibition on the O-methyltransferase to enhance the estradiol-induced tumorigenesis. Conclusively, quercetin and FA are able to aggravate, if not induce, nephrocarcinoma. It is time to reevaluate the tumorigenic detrimental effect of PAO, especially those exhibiting prooxidant bioactivity.
<br>Modeling of the in Vivo Kinetics of Antioxidants Delineates Suitable Parameters for Selecting Potential Antioxidant Adjuvants for Cancer Therapy
http://ir.ncue.edu.tw/ir/handle/987654321/13235
title: Modeling of the in Vivo Kinetics of Antioxidants Delineates Suitable Parameters for Selecting Potential Antioxidant Adjuvants for Cancer Therapy abstract: To find in vivo behaviors of an antioxidant when used as an adjuvant cancer therapy, a more detailed integrated pharmacokinetic scheme is needed. Major reaction parameters associated with the sequential routes from ingestion to decay of an antioxidant were used in mathematical analysis, which included absorption rate coefficient k(a), quenching rate coefficient of the antioxidant k(q1) and tissue quenching rate coefficient k(r). The model was then treated with computer simulation using cited decay rate coefficients and some assumed parameters. When intestinal absorption rate coefficient k(a) becomes larger, retention time of antioxidant in plasma would be prolonged. moreover, k(a) had no effect on either quenching ability of antioxidants or tissue recovering capability. in quenching plasma ROS, the larger the quenching coefficient k(q1), the shorter peak- and the life-times would be for the secondary free radicals that are formed in primary quenching. Conclusively, it is suggestive to prescribe an antioxidant therapy with an appropriate values of k(a) and larger values of k(q1).
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