| 摘要: | 理學的發展造就了宋代的學術特色，與前代相比，最大的特色就在於學者們賦
予經典的不同解釋，尤其是心性天理等方面。受到佛道的刺激與影響，讓不少儒家
學者試圖從傳統的經典中尋找可與釋、道外教相評比的思想，更積極的開發經典新
的意涵。作為心學大師陸九淵的弟子，楊簡是少數心學家中積極從事經典注疏的學
者，其詮解的經典涵蓋了《詩經》《易經》《春秋》《論語》《孝經》等，約共79 卷，
然而卻因為他特殊的解釋觀點，引來了不少批評。《楊氏易傳》便是其中備受批評的
一本（為方便論述，底下簡稱為《楊傳》）。四庫館臣在論述楊簡這本解《易》的著
作時說，就提出不同的意見。
先不論《四庫全書總目提要》的批評是否客觀，然而他的說法卻是代表了一種
多數的意見，一種對《楊傳》的普遍印象。這種僅止於印象似的批評無法看清事實，
也無法全面掌握楊簡該書的全貌。因此，筆者擬由解經的方法來詮析《楊傳》，藉由
分析楊簡詮釋《易傳》的方法來看待《楊傳》一書的特點及衍生的缺失。透過全面
的整理與瀏覽，筆者從「一」統「萬」之說入手，論析楊簡解《易》的特點，並釐
清此「一」的內涵與由「一」以解《易》可能遭遇的困難。
The development of neo-confucianism determined the academic characteristics of
the Song Dynasty. Compared with the previous generation, the most important is that
scholars have different interpretations of the classics, especially for the aspects of
disposition, heavenly principle and so on. Because of the stimulus and influence of
Buddhism and Taoism, many confucianists tried to find from traditional classics, new
thoughts to be assessed side by side with Buddhism and Taoism, and had been more
actively developing new meaning for classics.
As a disciple of Lu Jiuyuan, a master in the school of mind, Yang Jian is one of the
few scholars who is actively engaged in classic annotation. The classics he annotated
include the Classic of Poetry, Classic of Changes, Spring and Autumn Annals, The
Analects, Classic of Filial Piety, etc., a total of 79 volumes. Yet, he was much criticized
because of his unusual viewpoint. Yang’s Annotation of the “Classic of Changes”,
referred to as Yang’s Annotation below, is one of his works which had received severe
criticism. The editor of “Siku Quanshu” (the Imperial Collection of Four), for instance,
put forward different opinions from Yang’s when discussing his annotation of Classic of
Changes. Whether Siku Quanshu Zongmu Tiyao (Summary of Imperial Library) is
objective or not, its argument represented the opinion held by the majority of scholars,
general impression of Yang’s Annotation.
With the criticism based on impression, it is not possible to see the truth of this
annotation, nor to get the whole picture of it. Therefore this study aimes to analyze Yang’s
Annotation by looking at his method of interpretation and to discuss the characteristic, as
well as flaws, of this work. Through thorough reading and sorting, the researcher would
start from the saying of “unifying ten-thousand with one” to make clear the connotation
of “one” and the possible difficulties when interpreting the Classic of Changes with
“one”. |
