| 摘要: | 本研究之主要目的在瞭解國小學童之父親參與程度與幸福感之相關，並探究不同背景變
項 (子女特質、父親特質、母親特質) 在父親參與上之差異情形; 分析國小學童之父親參
與、幸福感與學業成就的相關; 探討國小學童之父親參與、幸福感對學業成就之預測作用;
最後，以肯證式多向度因素分析法 (CMFA)、線性結構關係分析 (LISREL)，檢定三個主要
變項之最佳指標，並驗證父親參與、幸福感與學業成就之結構方程式模式的可靠性。
本研究採問卷調查法，抽取中部六縣市之國民小學高年級學生1, 167名為研究對象，再施
以研究者自編的 「父親參與量表」、 「幸福感量表」， 經以描述性統計分析、t考驗、
單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、典型相關、多元迴歸分析、肯證式多向度因素檢定
法、線性結構關係分析等統計方式進行資料分析。
本研究之主要發現如下:
一、目前國小學童之父親參與程度大致良好，父親多數以「基本養育工作」的方式參與子
女生活;目前國小學童之幸福感程度大致良好，但多數國小學童之憂鬱傾向略高。
二、國小學童之性別、出生序不同在父親參與上有顯著差異，父親參與排行老大者以及女
兒的程度較高。
三、國小學童之父親教育程度不同，在父親參與上有顯著差異，父親教育程度高者參與子
女生活程度較高;國小學童之父親參與則因不父親年齡與父親教育程度、工作時數不同，而
有所差異。
四、母親就業情形不同之國小學童，在父親參與上有顯著差異，國小學童之母親就業者，
其父親參與程度較高。
五、國小學童之父親參與、幸福感與學業成就，具有顯著正相關。父親參與程度愈高、幸
福感程度愈高; 幸福感程度愈高，子女的學業成就表現亦愈佳。
六、國小學童之父親參與各因素中，鼓勵、父子互動品質、情感交流、基本養育工作、參
與子女課業活動、參與子女休閒活動與幸福感各因素中之自尊心、身體健康、生活滿意以
及憂鬱傾向間有顯著典型相關。
七、逐步迴歸分析結果顯示，父親參與分量表中，以「鼓勵」對學業成就具有顯著的正面
預測力;幸福感分量表中，以「憂鬱傾向」對學業成就具有顯著的負向預測力。
八、本研究所建構之國小學童之父親參與、幸福感與學業成就之結構方程模式獲得支持，
並能透過其效果值有效解釋相關變項間的關連性，父親參與對學業成就的影響，主要是因
幸福感程度所引發。
本研究最後根據研究結果，提出建議，以作為家長、教育、輔導人員，以及未來相關研究
之參考。
The main purposes of this study were to explore the relationships among
paternal involvement, well-being and academic achievement of primary school
students. The study examed the difference of paternal involvement in different
background variables, children’s characteristics, paternal characteristics
and maternal characteristics. Moreover, this study analyzed the better
observed variables to paternal involvement, well-being and academic achievement
by Confirmatory Multidimensional Factor Analysis (CMFA), and examed the
structural equation model SEM of paternal involvement, well-being and academic
achievement which served the purpose of illustrating the linear structural
relationships among the relevant variables.
A total of 1,167 students, randomly selected from primary schools in central
Taiwan, responded to a set of instruments including the Paternal Involvement
Scale, the Well-being Scale. The statistical methods used to analyze the data
were descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Product-moment Correlation,
Canonical Correlation, Stepwise Regression Analysis, Confirmatory
Multidimensional Factor Analysis (CFMA), and Linear Structural Relation (
LISREL).
The findings of this study were summarized as follows:
1.The paternal involvement and well-being of primary school students is high.
The most way of paternal involvement is basic breeding and a half of the
subjects feel depressed.
2. There were significant differences and interaction effects in paternal
involvement concerning children’s characteristic (including gender and birth
order).
3. There was significant difference in students’ paternal involvement
regarding paternal educational level, but no significant differences
concerning fathers’ age and working hours.
4. There was significant difference in students’ paternal involvement
concerning maternal characteristics (mother has job or not).
5. There were significant correlations between paternal involvement, well-
being, and academic achievement. The higher of students’ scores of paternal
involvement and well-being, the higher their academic achievement.
6. The were significant Canonical correlations among encouragement, father-
children interaction, affective discourse, study involvement, leisure
involvement, basic care giving, self-esteem, body health, life satisfaction
and depression.
7.According to the outcome of the stepwise multiple regression analysis,
paternal encouragement could predict primary school students’ academic
achievement positively, on the other hand, depression could predict primary
school students’ academic achievement negatively.
8.The theoretical model constructed in the study could explain the
relationships among main variables tested by LISREL.
Finally, some suggestions for parents, teachers, schools and future research
were proposed according to the results. |
